Really good, simple to understand Bash shell script demonstrating how to backup all the databases in a given mysql server installation into a single file or into separate files (one for each database).

A gist of an Bash Shell Script to open up Sequel Pro MacOS / MacOS X app with credentials to view a MySQL database running within a Docker container.

Pretty useful.

Frankly, this forum page has no consensus on a solution to this issue. Nevertheless, what worked for me on my set up with running MacOS as the Docker host and running a container with: Ubuntu 16.04 and MySQL 5.7 is the following:

1) Within the container: change in /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf the bind-address option from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0
2) Restart MySQL server (note that whenever you start MySQL you must use this command in the Dockerfile:

RUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
RUN find /var/lib/mysql -type f -exec touch {} \; && service mysql start

That is, you must touch the files in /var/lib/mysql and then start the server with service command and not systemctl.

Next, create a user separate from root e.g. dev_1, in MySQL and given them privileges to their '0.0.0.0' and '%' hosts. Like this in the Dockerfile:

RUN find /var/lib/mysql -type f -exec touch {} \; && service mysql start && mysql -uroot -proot mysql -e "GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'0.0.0.0' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' WITH GRANT OPTION; CREATE USER 'dev_1'@'0.0.0.0' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret'; GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'dev_1'@'0.0.0.0' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'dev_1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

Then when you start the container you must publish the port number like so:

docker run -t -d -p 4406:3306 ubuntu_16_04_lemp_php_7_2:latest

If your container stops prematurely, then you might want to add a CMD line in your docker file to run a start.sh script and within that script you might want to add something like this:

# stupid hack to keep container from being stopped
tail -f /dev/null

Finally, to connect to your DB instance on your local MacOS machine with an app like Sequel Pro for example, use the following credentials:

Host: 0.0.0.0
Username: dev_1
Password: <dev_1_password>
Port: 4406

If you don't like to use port 4406, try 3307, 3308, 3309.

This gives a very simple way of getting started with SQLAlchemy.

Seems that the key to learning to work with databases in Python requires understanding SQL Alchemy.

Someone figured out how to do a relationship column / property between two models (with pivot table), i.e. belongsToMany where the second model might have a dynamic database connection (i.e. it's not the same each time a query is done). So they figured out howto obtain the database for the current database connection (i.e. the current PHP script execution).

I really need to read and learn this.

This thread discussion might provide some insight into manually increasing the mysql max_connections option / setting manually and overriding Amazon's AWS "sensible" defaults.

Need to read and understand this.

This might be a potential way to increase max_connections in AWS RDS instances

The documentation is kind of sparse, but it has some good reference links. That's where the meat is.

This tutorial explains the API of the results returned by queries made with the PyMySQL module as well as explaining what cursor objects are. Need to really read and learn this if I hope to be able to write data processing scripts that query MySQL databases in Python.

Need to read and understand this.

Need to learn to figure this out.

Really good example to follow in case increasing max_connections and increasing limits in /etc/security/limits.conf doesn't work.

Need to look into this.

individual files

Shows how to count rows with columns containing null values and their counts.